Liver cancer caused 866,136 new cases in 2022 (10th most common cancer). Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the major adult primary liver cancer.
Functions & Causes
Liver functions: Bile production, glycogen energy storage, blood filtration.
Major risk factors: Hepatitis B or C viruses, Cirrhosis scarring, heavy alcohol, NAFLD fatty liver disease.
Symptoms & Red Flags
Hard lump right upper abdomen, right shoulder pain, ascites abdominal swelling, Jaundice (yellow eyes/skin), easy bruising, fatigue, nausea, weight loss, clay-colored stools, dark urine, fever.
BCLC Staging & Advanced Treatments
BCLC Staging: Stage 0 (Very Early) to Stage D (Terminal).
Treatment: Surgical Resection, Liver Transplant, RFA / MWA Thermal Ablation, TACE Chemoembolization, Radioembolization microspheres, Targeted sorafenib/lenvatinib, Immunotherapy atezolizumab/nivolumab, SBRT radiation.