The Carcino Foundation
Cancer Knowledge
Hub
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Clear, accessible reads that break down cancer, science, and the questions that matter. We turn complex information into something everyone can understand, engage with, and learn from.

3 MIN READ

Can cancer be detected before you feel it?

The story of Joy Milne's hyperosmia and how volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and early diagnostic biomarkers are revolutionizing pre-symptomatic cancer detection.

10 MIN READ

Anal Cancer: Comprehensive Guide to Causes, Staging, Prevention & Treatment

An exhaustive clinical analysis of anal cancer types, staging, HPV risk factors, diagnostic anoscopy, chemoradiation therapy, and long-term surveillance by researcher Suditi Saha.

12 MIN READ

Bone Cancer: Primary Types, Staging, Causes, Symptoms & Multidisciplinary Care

Detailed breakdown of primary bone sarcomas (Chondrosarcoma, Osteosarcoma, Ewing Sarcoma), cell types, TNM staging, symptoms, and surgical treatments.

11 MIN READ

Brain Tumors and Cancer: Classifications, Symptoms, Seizure Protocols & Therapies

A definitive guide to benign vs malignant brain tumors, location-specific neurological symptoms, seizure management, and advanced neuro-oncology treatments.

11 MIN READ

Breast Cancer: Global Impact, Risk Factors, Early Symptoms, Stages & Modalities

Comprehensive overview of ductal/lobular carcinomas, global statistics, genetic risk factors (BRCA1/2), clinical staging, and multimodal therapeutic approaches.

10 MIN READ

Burkitt Lymphoma: Clinical Subtypes, MYC Translocation & Urgent Care Protocols

In-depth review of endemic, sporadic, and immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt Lymphoma, rapid growth pathology, Ann Arbor staging, and high-dose chemo.

12 MIN READ

Cardiac Tumours: Primary Benign vs Malignant Heart Neoplasms, Symptoms & Resection

Comprehensive examination of cardiac myxomas, sarcomas, metastasized heart tumors, tumor plop diagnostic signs, complex ex-situ surgical removal, and care.

11 MIN READ

Cervical Cancer: Anatomy, HPV Etiology, Screening, Staging & Combined CRT

Detailed guide to cervical squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, HPV DNA co-testing, colposcopy, staging, chemoradiotherapy, and primary prevention.

11 MIN READ

Childhood Cancer: Overview, Pediatric Sarcomas, Leukemias, Early Signs & Care

Extensive resource on pediatric oncology, common childhood cancer types, warning signs, genetics, stem cell transplants, and long-term late effect monitoring.

12 MIN READ

Colon and Colorectal Cancer: Polyp Genesis, TNM Staging, Risk Factors & Surgeries

Comprehensive analysis of colorectal adenocarcinoma, mucinous subtypes, screening colonoscopy, numeric/TNM staging, colectomy procedures, and diet.

12 MIN READ

Craniopharyngioma: Subtypes, Sellar-Suprasellar Impact, Surgery & Endocrine Care

Clinical breakdown of adamantinomatous (ACP) and papillary (PCP) craniopharyngiomas, visual field loss, endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery, and hormone replacement.

11 MIN READ

Ependymoma: Central Nervous System Grades, Symptoms, Diagnostics & Radiosurgery

Complete guide to WHO Grade I-III ependymomas in posterior fossa and spinal cord, neurological symptoms, surgical resection, and targeted radiation.

11 MIN READ

Esophageal Cancer: Adenocarcinoma vs SCC, Risk Factors, EUS Staging & Treatments

Thorough guide to esophageal carcinoma, GERD and Barrett's esophagus links, upper endoscopy diagnostics, esophagectomy, and chemoradiation.

11 MIN READ

Ewing Sarcoma: Translocation Genetics, Bone & Soft Tissue Staging, Chemo & Care

Exhaustive review of Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumors (ESFT), EWSR1-FLI1 fusion, onion-skin X-ray signs, VDC-IE chemotherapy regimens, and limb-sparing surgery.

11 MIN READ

Eye Cancer & Ocular Oncology: Melanoma, Retinoblastoma, Diagnostics & Surgeries

Detailed study of intraocular melanoma, retinoblastoma, ultrasound biomicroscopy, vision preservation, thermotherapy, and enucleation protocols.

12 MIN READ

Gallbladder Cancer: Carcinoma Types, Jaundice Symptoms, ERCP Staging & Palliative Care

Comprehensive guide to gallbladder adenocarcinoma, gallstone risk links, biliary stent/catheter palliative management, cholecystectomy, and diet.

11 MIN READ

Germ Cell Tumors: Gonadal vs Extragonadal, Seminomas, Biomarkers & Treatments

Detailed breakdown of teratomas, yolk sac tumors, seminomas vs non-seminomas, serum tumor markers, surgical staging, and platinum chemotherapy.

12 MIN READ

Gynecologic Cancers: Ovarian, Endometrial, Vaginal, Cervical & Vulvar Care Pathways

Comprehensive guide covering all 5 female reproductive system malignancies, screening protocols, CA-125 markers, surgical cytoreduction, and liquid biopsies.

10 MIN READ

Kidney Cancer: Renal Cell Carcinoma Subtypes, TNM Staging, Nephrectomy & Ablation

Exhaustive guide to clear cell and papillary RCC, collecting duct carcinomas, partial/radical nephrectomy, cryoablation, and targeted therapies.

11 MIN READ

Liver Cancer: Hepatocellular Carcinoma, BCLC Staging, Resection, Ablation & TACE

Detailed breakdown of primary liver cancer, cirrhosis and hepatitis B/C etiology, BCLC and TNM staging, radiofrequency ablation, TACE, and systemic therapy.

14 MIN READ

Lung Cancer: NSCLC & SCLC Histologies, Detailed Staging, Prevention & Therapies

Definitive clinical guide to non-small cell and small cell lung carcinoma, detailed stage IA-IVB groupings, bronchoscopy diagnostics, SBRT, and targeted therapies.

10 MIN READ

Melanoma: Cutaneous & Mucosal Subtypes, Acral Lesions, SLNB Staging & Immunotherapy

Comprehensive review of aggressive skin melanoma, acral lentiginous variants common in India, Breslow depth biopsy, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and checkpoint inhibitors.

11 MIN READ

Merkel Cell Carcinoma: MCPyV Etiology, AEIOU Signs, SLNB & Immunotherapy

Detailed guide to highly aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer, Merkel cell polyomavirus link, AEIOU clinical mnemonic, wide local excision, and Avelumab/Pembrolizumab.

11 MIN READ

Multiple Myeloma: Plasma Cell Pathology, CRAB Criteria, SPEP Diagnostics & Transplants

In-depth guide to multiple myeloma, bone marrow crowding, CRAB diagnostic criteria, serum protein electrophoresis, immunomodulatory drugs, and stem cell transplants.

12 MIN READ

Pancreatic Cancer: Exocrine Adenocarcinoma, CA19-9 Markers, Whipple Surgery & Diet

Comprehensive guide to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine tumors, early vague symptoms, EUS fine needle aspiration, surgical resection, and enzyme replacement.

11 MIN READ

Penile Cancer: Squamous Cell Variants, HPV Link, Organ-Sparing Surgery & ILND

Exhaustive clinical guide to penile carcinoma, PeIN precursor lesions, HPV-16/18 risk factors, organ-preserving Mohs/laser surgery, and inguinal lymph node dissection.

11 MIN READ

Small Intestine Cancer: Duodenal & Ileal Neoplasms, Capsule Endoscopy & Treatments

Detailed breakdown of rare small bowel malignancies (carcinoid, adenocarcinoma, GIST, lymphoma), capsule pill endoscopy, surgical resection, and somatostatin analogs.

12 MIN READ

Stomach (Gastric) Cancer: Risk Factors, Endoscopic Resection, Gastrectomy & Diet

Comprehensive review of gastric carcinoma, H. pylori and dietary risk factors, endoscopy diagnostics, numeric staging 1A-4, gastrectomy procedures, and nutrition.

12 MIN READ

Thymic Carcinoma: Anterior Mediastinal Masses vs Thymoma, Masaoka Staging & Chemo

Exhaustive guide to aggressive thymic epithelial tumors, distinction from thymoma, Masaoka-Koga staging system, surgical debulking, and platinum-based chemoradiotherapy.

13 MIN READ

Thyroid & Parathyroid Cancer: Endocrine Tumors, Hypercalcemia, Thyroidectomy & RAI

Definitive clinical guide to papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic thyroid cancers alongside rare parathyroid carcinoma, PTH hypercalcemia, and en bloc resection.

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