Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell white blood cell cancer in bone marrow (10-15% of hematological cancers in India).
The CRAB Diagnostic Criteria
C - Calcium elevation (hypercalcemia)
R - Renal failure (kidney damage)
A - Anemia (low red blood cells)
B - Bone lesions (lytic bone lesions & fractures)
Common Sites: Spine, ribs, pelvis, skull, long bones.
Diagnostics & Treatment Options
Diagnostics: Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP) & Immunofixation (M-protein), Bone marrow biopsy, Free Light Chain Assay, X-ray/MRI/PET-CT, Kidney function tests.
Treatment: Chemotherapy & Immunomodulatory drugs (lenalidomide, thalidomide, bortezomib), Corticosteroids, Autologous Stem Cell / Bone Marrow Transplant (ASCT), Bisphosphonates, Radiotherapy, Maintenance lenalidomide.